What if I told you that an invisible danger is lurking in our everyday lives? No, it is not a ghost or a supernatural being from a horror movie. Rather, it is something far more insidious- Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs). 

What are EDCs? 

Many people are unaware as to what exactly EDCs even are, which can make it extremely challenging to limit one’s exposure to them. So, what exactly is the definition of an EDC? An article published by the United States Environmental Protection Agency defined an EDC as “an exogenous agent that interferes with the production, release, transport, metabolism, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones in the body responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis and the regulation of developmental processes”. The sources of EDCs can include the environment (the surrounding air, soil, or water supply), food items, personal care items, and other manufactured products. Because of this wide-ranging variety of EDC sources, someone can unknowingly face EDC exposure everyday, simply through the air they breathe, the food they eat, and the water they drink. This unknown exposure can lead to a multitude of ramifications that can go undetected for years, if not, decades. 

EDCs Effects on Female and Male Fertility and Reproduction

Some of the long term effects that may occur include developmental abnormalities of the female reproductive organs, such as the ovaries and uterus as well as, in males, abnormalities surrounding the production, maturation, and function of sperm. Additionally, in females, EDC exposure can affect the menstrual cycle and hormone production, leading to both irregularities in timing and duration of periods as well as an imbalance of estrogen and progesterone levels, which are essential for ovulation and maintenance of a pregnancy. As a result, women who have faced EDC exposure may have more difficulties conceiving and an increased risk of miscarriage. Furthermore, in males, EDC exposure has also been linked to hormonal imbalances, where reduced testosterone levels presented themselves and proved to affect sexual function and fertility. 

Vulnerable Populations

Although everyone should do their best to limit their exposure to EDCs, there are some populations that are more vulnerable than others. The populations that are more susceptible to the harmful effects of EDCs are pregnant women, developing fetuses, infants, and children due to their fragile, developmental stages and potential for lifelong impacts. 

Preventative Measures

Although a majority of the information presented surrounding EDCs and their negative impacts on human health are alarming and can establish a sense of fear and helplessness, there are actions that people can take to reduce their exposure to EDCs and potential risk such as using natural or organic personal care products, eating a balanced diet with fresh and minimally processed foods, and avoiding the use of plastic containers for food and drinks.  

Where do we go from here? 

The presence and the effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) serve as a stark reminder of the importance of knowledge and awareness within the scientific community and society as a whole. By shedding light on the potential dangers that may come with exposure to EDCs, their pervasive sources, and their specific effects on fertility and reproduction, we can now begin taking proactive steps to implement stricter regulations regarding EDCs, promoting chemical substitution, raising consumer awareness, implementing product labeling, conducting further research, and doing anything else in our power to avoid such harmful, and sometimes irreversible, effects.